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Scientific References

One strength of Tulipa is that its concepts and mathematical formulation are based on academic research that pushes the frontier of energy system modelling. This section shows the primary scientific references used in the model.

Flexible Connection of Energy Assets

Tejada-Arango, D. A., Kiviluoma, J., & Morales-España, G. (2025). Debunking the speed-fidelity trade-off: Speeding-up large-scale energy models while keeping fidelity. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 168, 110674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110674

Flexible Temporal Resolution

Gao, Z., Gazzani, M., Tejada-Arango, D. A., Siqueira, A. S., Wang, N., Gibescu, M., & Morales-España, G. (2025). Fully flexible temporal resolution for energy system optimization. Applied Energy, 396, 126267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126267

Storage Modelling

Seasonal Storage with Representative Periods

Tejada-Arango, D. A., Domeshek, M., Wogrin, S., & Centeno, E. (2018). Enhanced representative days and system states modeling for energy storage investment analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 33(6), 6534–6544. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2819578

Tejada-Arango, D. A., Wogrin, S., Siddiqui, A. S., & Centeno, E. (2019). Opportunity cost including short-term energy storage in hydrothermal dispatch models using a linked representative periods approach. Energy, 188, 116079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116079

Tight Formulations to Avoid Simultaneous Charging and Discharging

Elgersma, M. B., Aardal, K. I., Helistö, N., Kiviluoma, J., & De Weerdt, M. M. (2024). Tight MIP formulations for optimal operation and investment of storage including reserves. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17484

Ramping and Unit Commitment

Damcı-Kurt, P., Küçükyavuz, S., Rajan, D., & Atamtürk, A. (2016). A polyhedral study of production ramping. Mathematical Programming, 158(1–2), 175–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-015-0919-9

Morales-España, G., Ramos, A., & García-González, J. (2014). An MIP formulation for joint market-clearing of energy and reserves based on ramp scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29(1), 476–488. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2259601

Morales-España, G., Latorre, J. M., & Ramos, A. (2013). Tight and compact MILP formulation for the thermal unit commitment problem. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(4), 4897–4908. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251373

Multi-year Investments

Wang, N., & Tejada-Arango, D. A. (2025). Discounting approaches in multi-year investment modelling for energy systems. ArXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21709

Wang, N., & Morales-España, G. (2025). Vintage-based formulations in multi-year investment modelling for energy systems. ArXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00379